{"id":14912,"date":"2025-04-01T12:18:25","date_gmt":"2025-04-01T11:18:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/isleutilities.com\/?post_type=executive-exchange&#038;p=14912"},"modified":"2025-11-21T17:02:24","modified_gmt":"2025-11-21T16:02:24","slug":"ep-14","status":"publish","type":"executive-exchange","link":"https:\/\/isleutilities.com\/es\/executive-exchange\/ep-14\/","title":{"rendered":"Ep 14: Hetch Hetchy, San Francisco&#8217;s secret engineering marvel"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Hetch Hetchy: The Engineering Marvel Behind San Francisco\u2019s Water Security<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Exec Exchange \u2014 Episode feature with Dennis Herrera, General Manager, San Francisco Public Utilities Commission (SFPUC)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>In this episode of the <em>Exec Exchange<\/em>, Dr. Piers Clark speaks with <strong>Dennis Herrera<\/strong>, General Manager of the <strong>San Francisco Public Utilities Commission (SFPUC)<\/strong>, about one of the most consequential and controversial water projects in the United States: <strong>Hetch Hetchy<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s a story that blends engineering, politics, environmentalism, climate resilience and, ultimately, leadership.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>From City Attorney to Utility Leader<\/h3>\n<p>Dennis Herrera has been leading SFPUC for about <strong>three and a half years<\/strong>. Before that, he spent <strong>20 years as the elected City Attorney<\/strong> for the City and County of San Francisco, effectively serving as the city\u2019s attorney general and managing a team of <strong>300\u2013350 legal professionals<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>That legal and policy background now underpins his leadership of one of the most complex public utilities in the U.S.:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>US$3 billion<\/strong> combined operating and capital budget<\/li>\n<li>Around <strong>2,700 employees<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Three enterprises:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Water<\/strong> \u2013 retail service to ~800,000 San Francisco residents and wholesale supply to a further <strong>2.4 million<\/strong>people in Santa Clara, Alameda, and San Mateo counties via <strong>28 wholesale agencies<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Wastewater<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Power<\/strong> \u2013 providing electricity to ~90% of municipal load via:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Three hydroelectric plants<\/strong> in the Hetch Hetchy system<\/li>\n<li>Additional <strong>green power from the grid<\/strong> through a community choice aggregation programme<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Crucially, <strong>virtually all SFPUC power is non-fossil<\/strong>, with about a quarter of municipal needs met directly by <strong>400 MW of hydro<\/strong>, and the balance procured as certified clean energy.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>Climate, Fire and the New Reality for California Utilities<\/h3>\n<p>The conversation begins in a familiar place for California utilities: <strong>wildfire<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>While this episode was recorded during major fires in Southern California, Dennis is clear that the issue is systemic, not local. The combination of:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Hotter, drier conditions<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Stressed forests and landscapes<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Strong, dry winds (Diablo\/Santa Ana type)<\/li>\n<li>Expansion of urban development into wildland areas<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u2026creates a growing risk of <strong>\u201curban wildfire\u201d<\/strong> that existing infrastructure was never designed to handle.<\/p>\n<p>For water and power utilities, that means:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Higher exposure to <strong>service disruption<\/strong>, asset damage and public safety risks<\/li>\n<li>Increasingly <strong>labour- and infrastructure-intensive responses<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>The need to plan not only for drought, but also for <strong>fire-driven emergencies<\/strong> and the knock-on effects on power, transport and water systems<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>It is in this climate context that the stability and resilience of the Hetch Hetchy system really stand out.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>What Is Hetch Hetchy \u2013 and Why Does It Matter?<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Hetch Hetchy<\/strong> is both a place and a system.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The place: a valley in <strong>Yosemite National Park<\/strong>, around <strong>165 miles (265 km)<\/strong> from San Francisco and roughly 35\u201340 miles from iconic Yosemite landmarks like El Capitan.<\/li>\n<li>The system: a <strong>400,000 acre-foot reservoir<\/strong> and associated conveyance and power infrastructure that supplies around <strong>85%<\/strong> of SFPUC\u2019s regional water system needs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>It is also one of the most politically fought-over valleys in U.S. environmental history.<\/p>\n<h4>The Post\u2013Gold Rush Water Problem<\/h4>\n<p>By the late 19th century, San Francisco\u2019s local water sources were no longer adequate to support its growth, especially in the wake of the <strong>Gold Rush<\/strong> boom.<\/p>\n<p>Then came the <strong>1906 earthquake and fire<\/strong>, which almost destroyed the city. That disaster turned \u201cwe should find more water\u201d into \u201cwe must secure a new, reliable source\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Several potential sources were considered \u2013 including Lake Tahoe \u2013 but nothing stuck until <strong>Michael O\u2019Shaughnessy<\/strong>, a city engineer, identified the Hetch Hetchy Valley on the <strong>Tuolumne River<\/strong> as a viable option.<\/p>\n<p>There was one major problem: Hetch Hetchy sat inside a <strong>national park<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h4>The Raker Act and a Political Turning Point<\/h4>\n<p>To develop the valley, San Francisco needed federal permission. The result was the <strong>Raker Act<\/strong>, a special act of Congress that:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ceded rights in the Hetch Hetchy Valley to the City and County of San Francisco<\/li>\n<li>Allowed construction of a municipal water supply and associated infrastructure within <strong>Yosemite National Park<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Over roughly <strong>20 years<\/strong>, San Francisco built:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>En <strong>O\u2019Shaughnessy Dam<\/strong>, creating the Hetch Hetchy reservoir<\/li>\n<li>A <strong>165-mile, fully gravity-fed conveyance system<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Hydropower facilities that today form the backbone of SFPUC\u2019s municipal green power supply<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The outcome: a <strong>long-range, high-reliability water supply<\/strong> delivering some of the <strong>cleanest drinking water in the United States<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>So clean, in fact, that SFPUC enjoys a <strong>filtration exemption<\/strong> from both the <strong>U.S. EPA<\/strong> y el <strong>California Department of Water Resources<\/strong>. The water is disinfected, but does not require conventional filtration before entering the distribution system.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>Hetch Hetchy vs. John Muir: Where the Modern Environmental Movement Began<\/h3>\n<p>Hetch Hetchy is not just an engineering story; it\u2019s a founding myth of modern environmentalism.<\/p>\n<p><strong>John Muir<\/strong>, the influential naturalist and founder of the <strong>Sierra Club<\/strong>, led a fierce national campaign to stop the dam, arguing the valley should be preserved in its natural state.<\/p>\n<p>He lost the fight over the Raker Act \u2013 a defeat that deeply marked him \u2013 but the campaign itself <strong>galvanised the U.S. conservation movement<\/strong>. Dennis notes that many see the Hetch Hetchy fight as the <strong>birth of the modern environmental movement in the United States<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>The tension is still alive today:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Groups like <strong>Restore Hetch Hetchy<\/strong> actively campaign for dam removal.<\/li>\n<li>As San Francisco\u2019s former City Attorney, Dennis has previously defended the city against lawsuits aimed at forcing that outcome.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For SFPUC, the challenge is one of <strong>balance<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>On one hand, Hetch Hetchy is an <strong>irreplaceable regional water source<\/strong>, underpinning the Bay Area\u2019s economic development and providing exceptionally reliable, climate-resilient supply.<\/li>\n<li>On the other, it sits in a <strong>protected landscape<\/strong> with deep symbolic significance, and there is ongoing pressure to prioritise full ecosystem restoration.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>SFPUC\u2019s answer has been to <strong>partner closely with the National Park Service and the U.S. Department of the Interior<\/strong>, working to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Maximise <strong>recreational and environmental co-benefits<\/strong> in and around the valley<\/li>\n<li>While <strong>protecting the core function<\/strong> of the reservoir as critical drinking water and hydropower infrastructure<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>Eight and a Half Years of Storage: A Different Kind of Resilience<\/h3>\n<p>One of the most striking features of the Hetch Hetchy system is its strategic storage position.<\/p>\n<p>Between Hetch Hetchy, <strong>Lake Eleanor<\/strong> y <strong>Cherry Lake<\/strong>, SFPUC can maintain around <strong>8.5 years of water storage<\/strong> in the system at any given time.<\/p>\n<p>That matters for several reasons:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>En <strong>Hetch Hetchy watershed<\/strong> is one of the parts of California that will experience <strong>the impacts of climate change on snowpack later than others<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>In a state where Southern California is heavily exposed to <strong>Colorado River<\/strong> shortages and inter-state politics, San Francisco\u2019s supply is <strong>locally captured, locally stored and locally controlled<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>The entire 165-mile system from the mountains to the city is <strong>gravity-fed \u2013 not a single pump along the way<\/strong> \u2013 which offers both <strong>energy efficiency<\/strong> y <strong>operational robustness<\/strong> in emergencies.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For water sector leaders globally, it\u2019s an example of <strong>long-term, system-level resilience by design<\/strong> \u2013 built a century ago, but highly relevant to today\u2019s climate and reliability debates.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>An Engineering Marvel \u2013 and a Governance Example<\/h3>\n<p>Dennis calls Hetch Hetchy an <strong>\u201cengineering marvel\u201d<\/strong>, and that\u2019s not hyperbole:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A high-mountain reservoir in a national park<\/li>\n<li>A gravity-only conveyance system spanning 165 miles<\/li>\n<li>Integrated <strong>water + power<\/strong> producci\u00f3n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Unfiltered, high-quality<\/strong> drinking water at scale<\/li>\n<li>Multi-decade storage capacity and exceptional drought resilience<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For B2B audiences in the water and energy sectors, there are several strategic takeaways:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Integrated water\u2013energy systems<\/strong> can unlock major efficiency and decarbonisation benefits, especially when hydro is part of the picture.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Source protection and raw water quality<\/strong> dramatically reduce lifecycle treatment costs and can unlock regulatory flexibilities (such as filtration exemptions).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Long-distance gravity conveyance<\/strong> remains a powerful, low-carbon design archetype where topography permits.<\/li>\n<li>En <strong>governance story<\/strong> \u2013 involving Congress, national parks, environmental NGOs and municipal interests \u2013 is a reminder that large-scale water infrastructure is as much about <strong>political settlement and social licence<\/strong> as concrete and steel.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u201cFind Mentors Early\u201d: Leadership Advice from the Top<\/h3>\n<p>The Exec Exchange always closes with a personal question: if you could go back 20\u201330 years, what advice would you give your younger self?<\/p>\n<p>Dennis\u2019s answer is simple and pointed:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u201cFind meaningful mentors as early in your career as possible \u2013 and soak up the knowledge and mentorship from those folks to help plot out your future career.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>He\u2019s honest that this comes from <strong>both absence and presence<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Early on, he didn\u2019t have strong mentors.<\/li>\n<li>Later, he did \u2013 and only in hindsight did he realise how profoundly they had shaped his thinking and trajectory.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>A good mentor, he says, often doesn\u2019t announce themselves as such. You realise their impact <strong>retrospectively<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>And yes \u2013 he\u2019s very conscious that this now means <strong>paying it forward<\/strong>. Today, he actively mentors younger professionals \u2013 lawyers, engineers, utility staff \u2013 in the same spirit.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>From contested valley to climate-resilient backbone, <strong>Hetch Hetchy<\/strong> is a rare combination of engineering ambition, political controversy and strategic foresight. For utilities wrestling with climate uncertainty, environmental pressure and growing urban demand, it offers both a cautionary tale and a compelling model of long-term water security.<\/p>\n<p>To hear the full story in Dennis Herrera\u2019s own words \u2013 including the politics, the litigation and the partnership with Yosemite \u2013 listen to this episode of the <strong>Exec Exchange<\/strong>.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":14899,"parent":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_members_access_role":[],"_members_access_error":""},"class_list":["post-14912","executive-exchange","type-executive-exchange","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Ep 14: Hetch Hetchy, San Francisco&#039;s secret engineering marvel | Isle Utilities<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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